ABSTRACT
Post-COVID syndrome is a multifactorial condition characterized by a combination of neurological, autoimmune, cardiovascular factors as well as psychological stress and neuro-endocrine dysfunction. The most common complaints include shortness of breath, pain syndrome, tachycardia, flu-like syndrome, chronic fatigue, impaired attention, memory, and sleep. These symptoms can develop within 2-4 weeks after acute novel coronavirus infection and persist for many months. The principles of therapy include, first of all, a multidisciplinary approach, and treatment of autoimmune disorders, which can play a key role in the pathogenesis of post-COVID syndrome. Intravenous immunoglobulins in combination with other immunomodulatory techniques can enable millions of patients around the world to improve their quality of life and return to normal activities. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The official clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition was released by World Health Organization on October 6, 2021. Although clinicians become more aware of the manifestations of this new condition, little is known of the precise disease mechanisms. The pathogenesis of post-COVID-19 condition appears to be multifaceted with a number of pathways affected by acute COVID-19. In this chapter, we review the proposed disease mechanisms of post-COVID-19 condition including neuroinvasion of SARS-COV-2, inflammatory/hyperinflammatory state, immune dysregulation/autoimmunity, coagulation/vasculopathy, autonomic dysfunction, and endocrine dysregulation. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.